Chair



(ivo Mqdel.) s sheets-sheen BREMEN CHAIR.

N0.548,258. I Patented 00t.2.2,1895.y

.mill

all

mwmm

ANDREW EGRANAM. PHOTO-LITHOAWASINGYDMDL.

Uni-tno AS'rnmns PATENT Ormes.

ERNEST E. KOKEN, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

CHAIR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 548,258, dated October 22, 1895.

v `.Application led May 13, 1895. Serial No. 549,062- (No model.)

To wZLwQ/om it may concern.- 1

Be it known that LERNEsr E. KOKEN, of St. Louis, Missouri, have made a new and usefnl Improvement in Chairs, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The improvement relates chiefly to revolving and reclining chairs of the class known as hydraulic.

The features of the improvement will b hereinafter set forth, and designated in the claims. r,

In the annexed drawings, making part of this specification and exhibiting the most desirable inode of carrying out the improvement, Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section of that portion ofthe chair to which my improvement particularly relates along the line 1 2, Figs. 1t, 5, 7, and 8, and represents the piston and the plunger empty and in their lowest positions, with the valves open andthe piston unlocked. Fig. 2 is a similar View of the same parts, showingthe piston somewhat elevated and the plunger therein at the end of its upstroke and locking the piston in place, the valves being closed and the piston and cylinder charged with tluid. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the bottom ofthe plunger and the valve-lever pivoted thereto. Fig. L.tis a horizontal cross-section along the line 4 4, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a horizontal cross-section along the line 5 5, Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is in part an elevation of the cylinder and piston and in part a vertical section of the chair-seat and connected parts and the shafts for communicating motion to the chair mechanism. The portion of the chair-support surrounding the spindle isl also shown in vertical cross-section. Fig. 7 is a plan view of the top of the piston and mechanism therein and therewith connected. Fig. S is a similar View with parts broken away. Fig. 9 is a vertical section of the top of the piston and contained parts along the line 9 9, Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a longitudinal cross-section of a lever for operating the chair mechanism along the line 10 10, Fig. 11. Fig. 11 is a longitudinal cross-section along the line 11 11, Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a rear elevationof the top of a pitman connecting the plunger with a crank-shaft. Fig.

13 is an enlarged detailed vertical longitudinal section along the line 1 2, Figs. 4, 5, 7, and 8showing the relations of the parts when the head of the piston is opposite the annular recess g5, the plunger H being at the extreme end of its downstroke; and Fig. 14Vl shows the relations of the saine parts when the piston is in the same position and the plunger is at the end of its ordinary upstroke. The manner in which the fluid flows back into the piston during the downstroke of the plunger when the piston is in the position illustrated in Fig. 13 is indicated in said tigure by arrows. Similarletters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

A The chair, Fig. 6, in connection with whose foot-rest and seat my improvements are shown is of the type known as barbers chair, the improvement being more especially applicable thereto. By means of it the chair, while revoluble in the preferred form, may be raised and lowered so as to adapt it to the size of the occupant or the barber using'it and may be locked in position and the chair-back and foot-rest inclined and adjusted as may be needed. l The chair-base A, seat B, back C, arms D,

and foot-rest E are of familiar construction and hardly yrequire a detailed description, saving to say that the base A, including the parts not shown, may be of any ordinary construction, that the back is pivoted at its lower end c to the seat-frame, the foot-rest E is, by means of arms e, pivoted at e to the seat-frame, and the arms D at their ends, respectively, are jointed to the back C and to the extended foot-rest arms, so that when the back is turned downward the foot-rest is turned upward and when the back is raised the foot-rest is dropped. From the rear of the foot-rest two lugs e2 c2 are shown projecting backward, and between these the rod E is shown pivoted, Figs. 6 and 7. When the chair-back and footrest are adjusted, they may be held in position by locking the bar E in place.

F, Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 9, represents a piston upon which the chair-seat is mounted, Fig. 6, and G, Figs. 1,2, 4, 5,'and 6, represents a cylinder within which the lower end of, said piston turns and reciprocates.

- The cylinder Gis open at the top and closed at the bottom. A screw-threaded opening g is preferably formed in the bottom and is closed by a screw-plug g. At its top it is ICO preferably provided with a substantially horizontal annular Harige g2, having a substantially vertical rim g2. It is preferably somewhat larger than the head of the piston near its bottom, as shown at g4. At the highest point to which the piston is intended to be elevated while the chair is in use a vertical recess g5 is formed on the inside of the cylinder, and above that point an annular groove QG is formed in its inner side. Itis shown surrounded by the central portion of the chairbase and with its flange g2 resting upon the top of the base; but no special method of attachment is essential.

The hollow piston F, Figs. l, 2, 4, 5, and 6, is preferably provided with a head f. Where the cylinder used contains the recess g5, the head of the piston is preferably made thinner than the height of said recess, so that when its face is raised just above the bottom of said recess its upper edge will be below the top of said recess. Above the piston-head there is an annular recess f,which is preferably connected with the interior of the piston by one or more perforations f2 and one or more perforations f3, located above the perforations f2. The side of the piston is also pierced by an opening f4,'in which is located a wedge f5, having its thicker end uppermost. On one side of the piston a vertical recess f6 is also preferably formed, in which is located a dog f7, and behind the dogaspringfa, which tends to press the upper end of the dog outward. The bottom of the piston F contains a fluidpassage f2, closed byavalve 1*",having guides flo, dro., fitting said opening ff, a valve-stem f, extending upward, provided with a head f12, and a coiled spring f, whose lower end is preferably seated in a recess f14 in the interior of the bottom of the piston, and whose upper end rests against the under side of said valvestem head f12 and tends to keep said valve F seated against its seat fl, formed on the bottom of the piston.

The top F2 of the piston F is shown enlarged to make room for mechanism hereinafter described. It is preferably cut away at f16 to facilitate the insertion of parts of my device and perforated at f1 to permit of the passage of the bar E through it. It is preferably provided with an annular shoulderfls, which rests on the fiange g2 ofthe cylinder G when the piston is in itslowest position. The bottom of the piston I prefer not to allow to touch the bottom of the cylinder G, as it is desirable to leave room for the opening of the valve F when the piston is at its lowest point. piston extends the horizontal lug g1", Fig. 6, whose use will be hereinafter described.

Within the piston F a plunger H, Figs. l, 2, 3, 4c, and 5, reciprocates. It is shown hollow, open at the top and closed at the bottom, and containing Huid-passages 7b4 through its sides and a Huid-passage h5 through its bottom. From its bottom two lugs h6 h preferably project, between which a lever H From one side of the top F2 of the is pivoted. This lever carries on one end a valve 7i?, which seats upward at h2 and closes the fluid-passage 72.5. At its other end 71.9 it carries a downwardly-projecting lug hm, and at that end is preferably sufficiently heavy to overbalance the end carrying the valve 7L?, and cause said valve to seat in the absence of any counteracting force. Around the outside of the plunger H there is an annular recess h, which the fluid-passages connect with the interior cf the piston, and on one side a recess 7i12, deeper at top than at bottom, and whose face hm is adapted to make contact with the sloping inner side of the wedgef5, is formed. Across the head of the plunger H there extends a cross-bar 7L. To the bar 77.13 is pivoted the lower forked end of the pitman I. The upper end of the pitman is formed into the crook t', whose upper end is connected to the crank 7c of the crank-shaft K by its Wrist-pin 7c. The crook 1l enables the pitman I to avoid the crank-shaft and assume a vertical position at the end ofthe upstroke, at which time the plunger acts upon the wedge f5 and thegreatest power is needed. The pitman I is also bent at z" to bring it into a central position in the piston. (See Fig. 12.)

The crank-shaft K is preferably hollow and is journaled in bearings at 7a2 and 7a2. At its outer end it carries an arm 7&5, preferably beveled at the corner 7a, and in the form shown is provided with a socket 707 for the reception of a bolt.

To the shaft K is attached an arm K2. (Shown in full lines in Fig. 6,) in itslowest position. Through a screw-threaded hole in this arm K2 passes a set-screw 7c, which is prevented from turning when in position by the jam-nut 7011. The arm K2 is directly over the rim g2 of the cylinderG when near its lowermost position and the lower end of the setscrew 7c" is in position to strikethe lug g1 when the arm K2 is turned low enough. The point at which the screw 7c will strike the lug g19 may be regulated by screwing it in or out, as will be obvious.

rThrough the crankshaft K passes a shaft L, Figs. l, 2,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and l1, which eX- tends beyond the inner end of the crank-shaft,

and its own inner end Z is shown journaled in bearings Z Z', formed in or attached to the top F2 of the piston. Alonga section Z2 within the top of the piston the shaft L is screwthreaded, and between that section and its bearings Z' Z there is a part Z3, which is shown smaller in crosssection than the part Z2. The part Z2 carriesa substantially-vertical plate M, Figs. 7, S, and 9, pierced by an opening through which the shaft L passes and having said opening screw-threaded and engaging the thread on section 72. This plate M preferably has attached thereto four bolts, one located near each corner. The two upper ones are lettered m m and the two lower ones m m. All of said bolts are provided with heads m2. The two lower bolts are preferably shortest. The bolts m on and m m pass f Y I through bolt-holes 'm3 in a plate M', and through an opening in that plate the part Z3 of the shaft L passes, and said bolts connect the plate M with the plate M. The shaft-hole and bolt-holes through the plate M are preferably large enough to allow the plate M some play. Between the heads m2 of the bolts m and the plate M a coiled spring 'm4 surrounds each of the bolts m and tends to press the plate M inward toward the plate M. The faces of the plates M and M are shown grooved transversely by grooves m5 m5, arranged opposite each other and adapted to receive and fit the sides of the bar E', which bar passes between the plates M and M and is'in part supported in said' grooves m5 m5.

The outer end of the shaft L carries a lever N, Figs. G, 7, 10, and 1l, which is attached thereto. The lever N is preferably provided with a recess n at its innerfend,within which the arm h5 of the crank-shaft K is located, and the sides n n2 of said recess answer as stops limiting the movement of the lever N independent of the arm h5 of the shaft K.

The lever N, as shown, contains a bolt ha, reciprocating longitudinally in said lever and adapted to engage the recess k7 in the arm h5 of the crank-shaft. It is preferably beveled in the form shown at n4, so as to enable it to rideup over the arm h5 when struck by the beveled corner h6 of said arm. From the bolt n3 a rod h5 leads to the button h6, which tends to limit the inward movement ofthe bolt and enables it to be retracted. The bolt n3 is pressed inward by the coiled spring nl, which at its outer end rests against a shoulder in the lever and a't its inner end against said bolt. .The lever N is preferably attached to the shaft L by making the part Z3 near the outer end of said shaft conical at the point where the leverN is attached to it andscrewthreading its extreme outer end, and forming a socket ha in the lever corresponding in shape to the part Z3 of the shaft to receive said part, and fastening the lever and shaft together by screwing a nut hg onto the end of the shaft. This enables me to obtain a very rigid connection without the use of a key and allows radial adjustment of the lever..

The operation `of my improved chair is as follows Supposing the parts to be in the position shown in Fig. l, and the cylinder and piston charged with fluid, preferably oil, and the lever N being in the horizontal position shown in full lines in Fig. 7, an operator Wishing to elevate the chair-seat should grasp the lever N and pull it toward a vertical position, but preferably not quite to a vertical position, as it is not desirable to bring the plunger H into contact with the wedge f5. This movement of the lever turns the crank k toward the position shown in Fig. 2 and elevates the pitman I and the plunger H. As soon as the lugs h6 h, projecting down from the bottom of the plunger H, are lifted out of contact with the head f12 of the valve-stem f11 of the valve F the spring f13 causes the valve F to seat and close the fluid-passage through the bottom of the piston F. During the upward passage of the plunger H the atmospheric and fluid pressure above the valve h7 is sufficient to ccunterbalance the weight of the outer end of the lever H and cause the valve h7 to open and permit the fluid above the plunger to pass down into the space between the bottom of the plunger and the bottom ofthe inside of the piston. At the end of the upstroke the pressure upon the face of the valve hlbecomes equalized `by the pressure on its under side and the weight of the outer end of the lever H causes the valve h7 to seat. At this time the valves are in the positions shown in Fig. 2. The next step is to reverse the movement of the lever and push it back toward, but not quite into, its original position, as it is not desirable to open the valve h7 and the valve F simultaneously during the elevation of the chair, as that would permit the oil or other iuid beneath the piston to pass back into the piston. The limits of the stroke are soon llearned by experience. This downstroke of the plunger, by increasing the fluid-pressure above the valve F, forces that valve open and forces a portion of the fluid in the piston F through the fluid-passage ff in the bottom of said piston into the bottom of the cylinder beneath the piston, and thus forces the piston upward.. The motions of the lever already described are repeated as often as may be necessary in order to elevate the chair-seat mounted on the piston to the desired height. When that point is reached, the piston is locked in position so as to prevent it from either turning or moving vertically on the last upstroke of the plunger by pulling the lever into a vertical position and bringing the pitman and the plunger connected to the crank-shaft'into the position shown in Fig. 2. This brings the face h12a of the recess h12 of the plunger H f5 and forces the outer face of the wedge f5 so firmly against the inside of the cylinder G as to lock the piston and cylinder firmly together. By having the crook 'L' in the pitman I, I am able to apply great force at the end of the upstroke just where it is needed in locking the piston. The crook 2 is useful in making a connection with the cross-bar hlL3 in the center.

When the piston is locked, the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 2. At Vthat time the fluid-passage]e2 is below the bottom of the the head of the piston is by means of the fluidpassages f2 and f3 connected with the space within the piston both above and below the plunger, which facilitates the disengagement of the plunger from the wedge f5, when it is desired to disengage it, by allowing fluid to pass from the space beneath the plunger to the space above it until the bottom of the plunger has passed the fluid-passage f2.

In case the piston F is raised high enough in the cylinder to brin g'thebottom of the pisinto contact with the inner face of the wedge ICO plunger H, and the annular recess f above ton above the lower end of the vertical recess g5 the fluid below the piston is able to pass up through the recess g5, Figs. 1 and 2, into the recess f above the'piston-head f, and to pass during the downstroke of the plunger H through the fluid-passages f? and f3 from the recess f above the head of the piston into the annular recess 7L around the outside of the plunger H, and thence into the interior of the plunger through the Huid-passages h4, and during the upstroke of the plunger it is able to pass back through the same openings until the bottom of the recess 7L is carried above the fluid-passage f2, and thereafter is able to pass back through the same passages with the exception of the fluid-passage f2, and in consequence of this communication between the space below the piston in the cyliuder and the space in the cylinder above the plunger the continued movement of the plunger H has no further eect in elevating the chair-seat.

In case the piston is in any way raised high enough to bring the upper end of the dogfl, Figs. l, 2, and 4, opposite the annular recess g5 in the cylinder the spring f8 will force the dog]p7 out into said recess gli, and the upper end of the dog coming against the top of the recess gG will prevent the further upward movement of the piston.

When it is desired to lower the chair-seat, the lever N is pushed down toward the position shown in Fig. 7, so as to bring the bottom of the plunger I-I low enough to open the plunger-valve 717 by bringing the lug 71.10 against the bottom of the chamber in the piston F, and thus forcing the outer end of the lever I-l upward and opening the valve F by bringing the lugs 7L h6 against the head 4o j'12 of the valve-stem f7, thus pressing the valve Fdown from its seat. The fluid below the piston is then able to rise up into the pis.- ton and the piston to descend. In Fig. l the plunger-valve and piston-valve are shown as far open as the lug 7110 and lever H will permit. As will be obvious, the opening may be decreased by widening the distance between the bottom of the plunger I-I and the bottom of the inside of the piston F until the lug 71,10 is able to assume the position shown in Fig. 2, so as to permit the lever H to close the valve hl' altogether and release the valve-stem]011 from pressure entirely, so as to allow the valve F to seat. In proportion to the degree which the valves mentioned are opened will be the rapidity of the flow of the fluid into the piston and the descent of the piston and the chair-seat, and to enable the user of the chair to regulate the rapidity of the descent of the piston the arm K2, Fig. 6, and co-operating parts are useful. When the lower end of the set-screw 709 strikes the lug g1, the motion of the crank-shaft K and the plunger H, connected therewith, are stopped, and the point in the downstroke of the plunger at which its motion will be stopped by the set-screw coining in contact with the lug gt19 can be regu- `the bar E.

lated` within certain limits by simply screwing the set-screw farther in or out. In that way the motion may either be made very rapid on the one hand` or very slow on the other, as may be desired.

When the descent of the piston F brings the arm K2 against the top of the rim g3 of the cylinder G, the shaft K is caused to turn sufficiently to lift the plunger II high enough to permit the valve F to close before the shoulder f1s strikes the flange g2, and thus brings the piston to a stop upon fluid, which prevents the jar which would otherwise be experienced.

Ordinarily the crank-shaft K is rigidly connected with the lever N by means of the arm 765 and the bolt n3, and while thus connected with said lever and through it with the shaft L, to which the lever N is attached, it and the shaft L move together. The movement of the lever on its downstroke, though it turns the shaft L, has no eect upon the plates M and M', except to force them away from the inner end of the crank-shaft, which motion is immaterial. The motion of the lever N from its lowest position to the vertical position in which it is shown in Fig. 6 in dotted lines, though it draws the plate M toward the shoulder on the screw-threaded section l2 of the shaft L does not bring it quite in contact with that shoulder, and hence has no more eect upon the action of the clutch than the downstroke. When the lever N has been brought to a vertical position, it is prevented from going farther by the wedge f5 and the pitman I. (See Fig. 2.) In order to unlock the bar E', it is necessary to disengage the bolt m3 from the arm 705 of the crank-shaft. That is done by seizing the button m6 and pulling the looltm8 out of engagement with said crankshaft arm. As soon as this is done the lever N is free to move independently of the crankshaft K until the arm kscornes in contact with the stop n of the lever. If so moved, the shoulder on the outer end of the screwthreaded section Z2 of the shaft L is brought into contact with the inner face of. the plate M', and the upper edge of the latter is forced away from the inner face of the plate M sufciently to loosen the bar E. The back of the chair and foot-rest may then be adjusted. During their adjustment the plates M and M are able to turn on the shaft L so as to accommodate their positions to the inclination of I/Vhen the chair-back and footresthave been adjusted, the lever N is pushed back into the perpendicular position, and the plate M is in that way forced far enough inward to disengage the inner face of the plate M from the shoulder on the shaftL and permit the springs m4 to press the plate M inward toward the plate Maud thus clamp the bar E in position.

When the lever N is pushed back in the mannerabove described toward a vertical position, t e beveled face n4 of the bolt n3 strikes the beveled corner 7a, if free to do so, and

IIO

rides' over the outer end of the arm c".,lintil it reaches the socket k7, and is then'. forced into said socket by the spring m7. The shafts K and L are thus reconnected and move together again until again disengaged in the manner described.

In Fig. l the crank K and pitman I vand in Fig. 6 the arm K2 are shown in dotted lines in the positions they would occupy if the parts were arrangedso as to enable the plunger to be operated by moving the lever from the perpendicular down toward the front of the chair instead of toward the back.

I have described the forms of mechanism shown and their mode of operation, but Wish it to be understood that the forms described and shown are simply the preferred forms, inasmuch as each and all may be greatly varied in form and many equivalents may be substituted without departing from the essence of my invention, as will be obvious to skilled mechanics reading this specification.

Where I speak in my claims of the piston reciprocating in the cylinder, I wish to include but not 1o coniine myself to the form shown, in which a vportion of the upper-end of the piston does not enter the cylinder.

I claiml. The combination in a chair of a cylinder; a hollow piston reciprocating therein; a chair seat mounted on the piston means for elevating the piston and chair seat; means for admitting fluid from the cylinder to the interior of the piston; and means which automatically close the piston valve before the piston reaches a solid bearing, and bring the piston to a stop upon the duid in the cylinder; substantially as described.

2. The combination of a cylinder; a hollow piston reciprocating therein; an opening in the side of the piston; a wedge in said opening; a plunger reciprocating in said piston, which engages said wed ge and forces it against the cylinder, and locks the piston in position, and during its stroke in one direction, forces fluid from the piston into the cylinder; substantially as described.

3. The combination of a cylinder; a hollow piston reciprocating in the cylinder; a chair seat mounted' on the piston;'a plunger reciprocatin g in the piston; a fluid passage through the piston; a valve closing said passage, unseatable by pressure within the piston; a tluid passage through the bottom of the plunger; a valve seating upward, closing said passage; and a lever, pivoted to said plunger, and carrying the plunger valve, on one end, and projecting downward at the other; substantially as described.

4. The combination in a chair, of a cylinder; a hollow piston reciprocating in the cylinder; a plunger reciprocating in the piston; a fluid passage through the bottom of the plunger; a valve seating upward, closing said passage; a lever pivoted to said plunger, carrying said plunger valve on one end, and having a downwardly projecting part at the other; a fluid J passage through the bottom of the piston; a

tiallyas described.

f 5. The combination of a cylinder mounted upon a base; avhollow piston reciprocating in the cylinder; a fluid passage through the bottom of the piston; a valve for such passage seating upward; a plunger reciprocating in the piston; a lever pivoted between its ends 4to the bottom of the plunger, and carrying on one end. a valve, seating upward, closing saidV uid passage, and on the other, a downwardly projecting lug which strikes the bottom of the piston when the plunger reaches a particular point in its down stroke, and opens said valve; substantially as described.

6. The combination of a cylinder, having a recess .in the inner side thereof; a hollow piston reciprocating in the cylinder, having a head thinner vertically than the height of said recess; a plunger reciprocating in said piston; one or more openings through the side'of the piston, above the position occupied by. the plunger at the upper end of the plunger-s stroke, and which keep theinterior of the piston and the space above the head of the plunger, in communication; substantially as described. 1

7. The combination of a cylinder; a hollow piston reciprocating therein; an opening through the side of the piston; a Wedge in said opening; a plunger reciprocating in said piston, which engages said wedge and forces it against the cylinder, and locks the piston in position; means which, during the upstroke of the plunger, cause fluid to escape from above the plunger into the space beneath it in the piston; and means which, during the down stroke of the plunger, cause iuid to escape from the piston into the cylinder.

8. The combination of a cylinder; a hollow piston reciprocating therein, having a fluid -passage through its bottom, closed by a valve seating upward, and an opening through its side containing 4a wedge, having its thinnest end lowermost 5 a plunger reciprocating in said piston, and having afluid passage through its bottom, closed by a valve seating upward; means opening the plunger valve; and means closing the piston valve on the upstrokeof the plunger; means closing the plunger valve; and means opening the piston valve on the down stroke of the plunger; and said wedge being forced into contact with the surface of said cylinder by said plunger, and locked at the end of the extreme upstrokeof said plunger; substantially as described.

9. rllhe combination of a cylinder; a hollow piston reciprocating in the cylinder; a duid passage through the bottom of the piston, closed by a valve seating upward; an opening through the side of the piston, containing a wedge; an annular space above the head of the piston and beneath said Wedge; one or more openings which connect said space and t )locked in place; and one or more openings which when the piston is in its highest position are near its bottom, and connect the space in the piston below the plunger with said annular space; substantially as described.

lO. The combination of a cylinder; a piston reciprocating therein, having an opening through its side with a wedge therein; a plunger reciprocating in the piston, which at the' end of its upstroke forces said wedge into contact with the cylinder; a ptman, crooked at its upper end, and connected at its upper end to a crank shaft, through the wrist pin of the crank of said shaft; substantiallyas described.

ll. The combination in achair of a pair of clamping pieces, located opposite each other, beneath the chairseat, and connected with the chair; one or more springs, tending to force one of said clamping pieces toward the other; an adjustable foot rest; a bar connected with said foot rest and locked by said clamping pieces; and means for enlarging the space between the centers of said clamping pieces; substantially as described.

12. The combination, in a chair,of a crank shaft attached to said chair, and operating a pitman; an adjustable footrest; a bar connected therewith; a clutch engaging said bar and locking said foot restin position; a shaft opening the clutch; alever rigidly connected to the clutch shaft; and means detachably connecting said crank shaft to said lever, and causing said shafts to move as one; substantially as described.

13. In a chair a shaft, turning in one or more bearings; a lever N attached to the outer end of said shaft, and provided with stops n', n2, and containing a bolt n3, connected by a rod n to a button n, and pressed upward by a spring a7; and a second shaft, having an arm playing between said stops, and engaged by said bolt; substantially as described.

14. The combination of a cylinder; a hollow piston reciprocating therein, having a duid passage through :its bottom; a valve closing said passage; a plunger reciprocating in said piston, which, while at the end of its down stroke, holds the piston valve open; a crank shaft connected with the plunger by a pitman; and a part connected with the crank shaft, which strikes the cylinder when the piston descends, and causes the crank to turn and lift the plunger,leaving the piston valve free to seat; substantially as described.

15. The combination of a cylinder carrying a Stop; a piston reciprocating in the cylinder, having a fluid passage through its bottom, closed by a valve; aplunger reciprocating in said piston, having a fluid passage through its bottom, closed by a valve; means whereby said valves are opened by the plunger at about the end of its down stroke; a shaft connected with the plunger and communicating motion to it; an arm projecting from the shaft, carrying a set screw whose end comes in contact tom, closed by a valve seating upward; a

plunger reciprocating in said piston, having a fluid passage closed by a valve seating upward; and in the presence of a charge of fluid, the piston valve opening, when the plunger is lowered, and closing when it 1s elevated, and the plunger valve opening when the plunger is raised, and closing when it is lowered, except at about the end of its stroke; means whereby said valves are automatically opened when the plunger reaches the end of its down stroke; a pitman connected to the plunger; a crank shaft operating the pitman; a shaft operating a clutch or clamp; a lever attached thereto; 'means for connecting and disconnecting the crank shaft from said lever; a chair seat mounted on said piston; an adjustable foot rest connected with said chair seat; a bar pivoted to said foot-rest. and extending back from it; and a spring clutch locking said bar in position, except when unlocked by turning said clutch shaft; substantially as described. t

17. The combination of acylinder; a piston `reciprocating therein; a plunger reciprocating in the piston; a fluid passage through the bottom of the plungerand auid passage through the bottom of the piston, both closed by valves seating upward; the piston valve, in the presence of a charge of fluid, being unseated on the down stroke of the plunger and seating on the upstroke, and the plunger valve being unseated on the upstroke and seating on the down stroke except at about the end of the extreme down stroke, when it is unseated; an opening through the side of the piston; a wedge arranged in said opening, which, at the end of the extreme upstroke of said plunger is forced by said plunger into contact with said cylinder and locks the piston in position; a pitman operating said piston; a tubular crank shaft communieating motion to the pitman; a chair seat mounted on said piston; an adjustable foot rest connected with said chair seat; a rod pivoted to said foot rest and extending back from it a spring clutch by which said rod is locked in position; a shaft passing through said crank shaft by which said clutch is unlocked; and a lever rigidly attached to said inner shaft and detachably connected with said crank shaft; substantially as described.

18. The combination of the shaft L, journaled in bearings, and having the section Z2 screw threaded; a plate M pierced by a screw threaded opening, through which the section Z2 of the shaftL passes, and in which it turns; two upper bolts m, m, and two shorter lower bolts m', m; a plate M', pierced by a hole through which the shaft L IOO passes, and connected tothe plate M by said bolts; two spiral springs arranged between the heads of said bolts and one ofsaid plates, and pressing it towards the other plate; a transverse groove across the inner face of each of said plates, said grooves being substantially opposite each other and parallel; an adjustable foot rest, having a bar pivoted thereto at one endand projecting backward and passing between said plates and its sidesentering said grooves; and said bar being locked in position by the force of said springs, and unlocked by turning said shaft L far enough to bring the shoulder at the inner end of the screw threaded section against the inner face of the opposite plate, and forcing the plates apart; substantially as described.

19. The combination of a cylinder; a hollow piston reciprocating therein, having the head f, the annular recess f above its head, one or moreuid passages f2and f3, connecting said recess with the interior of the piston; an opening f4 through the piston; a wedgefi"V in the openingft; the hollow plunger H, having auid passage h5 through its bottom; and a lever H pivoted to its bottom, and carrying on one end a valve k7 which closes the passage h5 when seated, and at its other end carries a downwardly projecting part, and is sufficiently heavy to seat said valve; an annular recess h connected with the interior of the plunger by fluid passages h4; and the recess k12 adapted to receive the inner side of said wedge; and means for operating said plunger; substantially as described.

20. The combination in a chair of an adjustable foot-rest; a pair of clamping pieces,

connected to the chair beneath its seat; a part connected with the foot rest, extending between said clamping pieces, and held thereby; one or more springs pressing against the back of one of said plates, and forcing them to engage said partextending between them; and a revoluble shaft forcing said plates apart; substantially as described.

2l. The combination in a chair of an adjustable foot-rest; a bar pivoted to said rest, and extending back therefrom; a pair of clamping pieces, pivotally attached to said chair, opposite each other, beneath the chair seat, in position to permit said bar to pass between them; means tending to force said pieces together; and means for forcing them apart; substantially as described.

22. In a chair an adjustable foot rest; means carried by the chair, locking said foot rest in position; a pitman beneath the chair seat; a tubular shaft operating the pitman; one or more bearings, attached to the chair, supporting the tubular shaft; a shaft passing through the tubular shaft, and operating the foot-rest lock; a lever rigidly attached to said central shaft, carrying two stops, having a space between them; a crank attached to the tubular shaft, located and movable between said stops carried by said lever; and means detachably and rigidly connecting said crank to said lever, and causing said shafts to move as one; substantially as described.

Witness my hand this 9th day of May, 1895.

ERNEST E. KOKEN. Witnesses:

BENJ. F. REX, FRANK E. PARKE. 

